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Refrigerator
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| This article is part of the Food theme. Alimentation |
A refrigerator is an apparatus which is used to cool bodies in their fascinating of heat that they reject then. In the kitchen, the domestic refrigerator is used for the conservation of food by slowing down degradation of food and by limiting the development of the micro-organisms. “The villagers, in the mountains of Pindos, in central Greece, claim not to need refrigerator because they have of good neighbors; when they kill a goat or a sheep, they divide the meat and they know that, thereafter, the neighbors will make like them. How what, the technological progès necessarily does not bring of the social and cultural benefit! ” The Challenge ecologist of Michel Jurdant
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[edit] the history of the refrigeration
Autrefois it is the ice which was used for cooling. Like a simple refrigerator finally, one was to add ice there fréquement. Cellars with the fresh atmosphere were also used to preserve food. The refrigerators were used at the XIXe century. The refrigerator was invented in 1876 by Carl von Linde. But of other inventors allot this paternity, because this technology spent time to develop. The refrigerator with absorption of gas was invented in Sweden by Baltzar von Platen in 1922.
[edit] Principle of operation
a refrigerator contains a volatile refrigerant which circulates in a closed loop. When this fluid is compressed in a specific compressor, it is in gaseuse phase at high temperature, then it is liquified gradually at the time of its passage in the condenser. When the fluid are détent gradually in the evaporator (serpentine inside), it turns over in gaseuse phase while being put in boiling, which causes to absorb the calories (heat) which is inside the refrigerator. Then, the gas compressed then is again liquified in the condenser (serpentine outside). it is at this time that heat absorptive inside is yielded to the surrounding air in contact with the serpentine of the condenser. Energy consumed by the refrigerator is used to actuate the pump of the compressor.
[edit] Caractéristiques of the refrigerators
[edit] Réfrigérateur servants
the domestic refrigerators include/understand a principal compartment which has a temperature of 4 A 8°C. One finds more and more refrigerators which also act as freezer. In addition to external dimensions, one measures the capacity of a refrigerator in liters. The old refrigerators use of R12 more commonly called it freon like cooling agent. Freon the R 12 fact part of the family of CFC which destroys the layer of ozone. It is interdict of use today.
[edit] Warning important
- a refrigerator using a compressor should not be turned over or too inclined, there is a risk to diffuse oil present in the compressor in all the circuit. As oil is not easily compressible the compressor will be irremediably faded to see déruit. * Never not to de-ice the evaporator of a refrigerator to the knife, you are likely to bore it and by way conscéquence to make leave totality the refrigerant. * CAUTION!! More and more of refrigerator use a fluid containing BUTANE, ISOBUTANE R600A, not to try a repair of fortune, not to approach flame, to quickly ventilate the room in the event of boring of the evaprator or the condenser.
[edit] Économies of énergie
a refrigerator has a lifespan estimated at 15 years on average. Over this period, its electric consumption can prove more expensive than its purchase price.
[edit] Choice
To compare the various models, one can be based on their consumption of energy expressed in kWh (kilowatt-hour). In France, the refrigerators are classified according to their consumption using letters ranging between A++ and G. the most economic refrigerators are indicated by the letters A+ and A++. The American refrigerators (or side by side) are often very énergivores. The size of the refrigerator must be in connection with the use that one will make some.
[edit] Utilisation
consumption of the refrigerator depends directly on the ambient temperature. If it makes 23°C instead of 18°C in the kitchen, the consumption of the refrigerator will increase by 38%. Not to install it in a too cold place in winter, (balcony or terrace) because of a too low temperature condensation will be done badly, the refrigerating production will be weak what will entrainera a longer operation of the compressor and thus one on electric consumption. A temperature too high with the tops of 35°c will have same the éffets. Do not leave the door of the refrigerator too longemps nor too often open. The refrigerator must be de-iced regularly. A layer of white frost of 3 mm entraine an overconsumption of 30%. Never place hot food in your refrigerator. Initially let cool them at ambient temperature. Contrary, frozen can be put to defrost in the refrigerator a few hours before consuming them. The sealing of the joints of your apparatuses avoids the loss of cold. To test their effectiveness, it is enough to close the door of your refrigerator on a paper sheet. If you withdraw it easily, your joints are to be changed! It is preferable to avoid the too brought closer heat sources, unless envisaging an insulating material between your apparatus and the furnace or the heating. A distance of 5 cm between the wall and the refrigerator-freezer as well as the regular cleaning of the grid to the back of the apparatus are necessary to avoid an overheating: this one would make increase your electric consumption.
[edit] Hygiène
The food contains bacteria. Their development is not prevented by the cold, it is simply slowed down. Several measurements make it possible to avoid the contaminations of a food to another:
- To arrange food according to zones' of temperature (indicated on the instructions or determined with a thermometer):
- In the coldest zone: fish, meat, dishes cooked
- In the intermediate zone: dairy products
- In the least cold zone (in general, they are the vegetable compartments and the door): fruit and vegetables, eggs, industrial sauces
- To regularly control the temperature which must lie between 3 and 5°C.
- To remove the useless suremballages (paperboard S surrounding them yoghourt S…) before arranging food with the refrigerator.
- One can cover food to avoid leaving them with the free air.
- Not to leave left too a long time the products which must remain with the expenses. And do not open too a long time the door of the refrigerator.
- Not to leave in the refrigerator of the rotted fruit and vegetables, nor of out-of-date food.
- To clean the refrigerator regularly: one cleans all the interior with a detergent adapted to the food contact (household soap or liquid crockery). After having rinsed, one disinfects with vinegar (or lemon juice), who replaces it effectively bleach.
[edit] See also
[edit] Internal links
- Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC)
- heat pump
- To live without refrigerator
- solar Refrigerator
- Pot-in-the-pot or Pot Zeer (refrigeration by evaporation)
[edit] External links
[edit] Bibliographie
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